Annual report guide
How to read a 10-K filing
A 10-K is the annual source document for a public company. Start with the business, risk factors, MD&A, and financial statements, then compare the current filing against prior annual reports before deciding what deserves monitoring.
Quarterly report guide
10-Q filing guide: how to read quarterly reports
A 10-Q is the quarterly update between annual 10-K filings. Use it to track unaudited financial statements, MD&A explanations, liquidity, cash flow, risk-factor changes, and whether the company is confirming or breaking the story from the last annual report.
Current report guide
How to read an 8-K filing
An 8-K is a current report for material company events. The fastest way to read one is to identify the item number, open attached exhibits, and decide whether the event changes the company's operating, financial, or governance picture.
Filing type comparison
10-K vs 10-Q vs 8-K: what each SEC filing means
A 10-K is the annual deep dive, a 10-Q is the quarterly update, and an 8-K is a current-event filing. Use the 10-K for baseline context, 10-Qs for recent operating changes, and 8-Ks for material events between periodic reports.
Activist ownership guide
Schedule 13D guide: how to read activist ownership filings
A Schedule 13D is a source filing for beneficial owners who cross 5% of a voting equity class and may have active plans or control-related intent. Read it for who owns the stake, how the position was built, Item 4 plans, funding, agreements, amendments, and what company-level disclosures should be monitored next.
Ownership filing comparison
Schedule 13D vs 13G: active vs passive ownership filings
Schedule 13D and Schedule 13G both report large beneficial ownership, but they signal different levels of intent and detail. Use 13D for active or control-related ownership analysis, and 13G for shorter passive, qualified institutional, or exempt reporting patterns that still deserve monitoring.
Passive ownership guide
Schedule 13G guide: how to read passive ownership filings
A Schedule 13G is a shorter beneficial ownership filing often used by eligible passive investors, qualified institutional investors, or exempt holders. Read it to identify who owns a large stake, what percentage and voting power they report, whether the filing is new or amended, and whether ownership changes deserve monitoring without assuming activist intent.
Institutional holdings guide
Form 13F filing guide: how to read institutional holdings
A 13F filing reports certain long positions in securities on the SEC’s Section 13(f) list, not a manager’s full portfolio or current strategy. Use it to study portfolio exposure, new positions, exits, and concentration, while remembering the data is delayed and incomplete.
Insider transaction guide
SEC Form 4 guide: how to read insider transactions
A Form 4 reports changes in insider ownership, usually shortly after a transaction. Use it to see who bought, sold, exercised options, received shares, or changed beneficial ownership, then connect the transaction back to company events, compensation plans, amendments, and prior insider behavior.
Proxy statement guide
Proxy statement guide: how to read DEF 14A filings
A DEF 14A proxy statement explains what shareholders are being asked to vote on and how the company is governed. Use it to evaluate directors, executive compensation, ownership, related-party transactions, auditor matters, and shareholder proposals.
IPO registration guide
How to read an S-1 filing before an IPO
An S-1 is a Securities Act registration statement used for IPOs and certain other securities offerings, including resale registrations. This guide focuses on IPO-style S-1 research: business model, revenue quality, risks, ownership, dilution, proceeds, and amendments.